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  • COMMON NAME: Date palm
  • ARABIC: النخلة
  • BOTANICAL NAME: Phoenix dactylifera L.
  • SYNONYMS: Palma dactylifera
  • FAMILY: ARECACEAE
  • KIND: Native
  • EMIRATE: Abu-Dhabi , Dubai , Sharjah , Ajman , Umm-Al-Quwain , Ras-Al-Khaimah , Fujairah
  • CATEGORIES: Medicinal (M) Fodder (F) Landscape (L) Fruits (F) Cosmectis (C) Apiculture (A) Other Uses (O)
  • GROWTH FORMS: Tree
  • HABITATS: Terrace Terrace (Silt) Wadi Wadi Slope Gulley Slope (Rocky) Slope (Stony) Sandy
  • TYPES: Perennial
  • REMARKS: Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP). Honeybees nectar plants (only pollen). important food plant for Arabia. The date palm distributed throughout country at all elevations. Different varieties ripen at different times and the market is thus provided with a cycle of different fruit types through the summer harvesting period.
Flora of the United Arab Emirates V1 & 2, Fawzi M.Karim, Nael M.Fawzi; reviewed by Fatima Al-Ansary. Al-Ain: United Arab Emirates University, 2007. Karim FM and Dakheel AG. Salt-tolerant plants of the United Arab Emirates. 2006. International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, UAE. V.V. Byalt, V.M. Korshunov, M.V. Korshunov. Cadaster of the Flora of Fujairah Emirate (United Arab Emirates). Al Fujairah 2021. https://www.floraofqatar.com/phoenix_dactylifera.htm Gary R. Feulner. 2014. The Flora of Wadi Wurayah National Park Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. M.V.D jongbloed, G.R. Fuelner, B. Boer, A.R. Western. the comprehensive guide to the wild flowers of the United Arab Emirates. Environmental research and wildlife Development agency, Abu Dhabi, 2003.
Highly salt tolerant up to half seawater salinity. Oil use in dermatological applications. Soaked seeds for animal feed. Date fruit - Date syrup. Oil is suitable for use in cosmetics. The male inflorescence (spadix) and pollen used as an aphrodisiac and as a general tonic. terminal bud eaten to heal intestinal problems. Fruit has laxative prosperities. Mature leaves are also made into mats, screens, baskets, and fans. Date kernels ground and poultice applied to genital ulcers. Ash of kernels in eye lotion to heal blepharitis. Honey nectar plants. Ornamental plant.

Dioecious shrubs or trees with cylindrical, simple stem, often with basal suckers, up to 16 meter. Leaves up to 2.5 meter long, leaflets often folded upwards. Flowers sessile, white-creamy, 5-8 mm long, on a richly branched spadix, surrounded by a solitary, large, green to reddish-brown spathe, 50-75 cm long, which split longitudinally as the panicles emerge. Calyx cup-shaped, 3-toothed. Petals 3, in female flowers, twice as long as the calyx; carpels 3, 2-3 mm long, with stigmas only exposed at anthesis, reflexed. Staminate flowers mostly asymmetrical, with 6 stamens. Fruit "date" variable, 2-6 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, ovoid-cylindrical, green yellow to orange-brown to black, according to variety, sweet and juicy to dry. Seed variable, 1-2.5 cm long, with conspicuous longitudinal furrow, brownish. 

Flowering late Spring, fruit ripe in summer months.
Cultivated throughout country at all elevations; tolerant of some salinity. Spontaneous growth not common except in neglected or abandoned grooves and occasionally near pools in central desert. It is common useful tree of towns and parks.
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